When LibreOffice converts files to different formats, it doesn’t edit the original documents according to come command line parameters: everything is taken from the documents. If your PDFs arrive portrait, it only means that your original documents were formatted portrait.
EDIT: In newer versions of LibreOffice, some related options appeared:
- In version 6.4, Whole sheet export feature was introduced, allowing one to output the whole sheet to a single page. Since then, setting that option in the PDF export dialog in GUI would store the default settings used in later headless export;
- In version 7.4, improved PDF export options in the command-line were introduced. That allows to use
SinglePageSheets
in the command line to avoid dependence on the default setting stored through the GUI. Something like
soffice --convert-to 'pdf:calc_pdf_Export:{"SinglePageSheets":{"type":"boolean","value":"true"}}' test.csv
Still that might fail if the data is long, and output to a single sheet would be impossible (require some kilometers of paper).