Table cells: column Name, column Number, and column Index - how to convert?

This isn’t actually a question, but a hook for an answer I posted to a very differently worded question.
The answer explains a few fundamental facts, and supplies user code (Basic macros) to convert column identification from the alphabetical representation to the numeric representation and reversely.

Interested users may find a suitable answer easier based on key words in this hook-question’s title.

You find my answer already mentioned in the question’s text here:

The internal (technical) representation of columns by numbers prefers 0-based indices over the 1-based numbers you get in the user interface. That’s the reason for what I listed both words.