The key concept in LO is the style. Styles come in 5 flavours: paragraph, character, frame, page and list (aka. bullets and numbering). In your case, your bulleted paragraph should use a named “list” style.
In the Format
→ Bullets & Numbering...
dialog (or F11
), click on the rightmost icon (List formats) and modify one of the predefined styles to your liking. You can also define a brand new style.
Click on the leftmost icon (Paragraph formats) and modify one of the predefined styles Numbering x or Bullet x (or create a new style from scratch). The association between this paragraph style and the list style is located under the Outline & Numbering tab. Select your customised list style from the Numbering style drop-down menu. Click OK.
All you need to do from now on is to give this modified style to your paragraph to see your settings take effect.
If you want your settings to become persistent (for several documents), save your style in a template as suggested in the preceding answer.