Some thoughts, ajlittoz' and ebot's advice notwithstanding.
Settings to bring perceived brightness of printed matter close to what you see on screen are mostly in the "gamma correction" class, which is not the domain of LibreOffice. You can sometimes adjust this in the printer properties, but be aware that this will be "system wide" (affects all printing) and may hurt the print quality of some photo applications which keep track of their own correction schemes. Good photo color quality is perhaps more important than good highlighting.
The advice from ebot is most likely the optimal solution. If that makes highlighter colors too light or too intense to be workable on your screen, and gamma/color correction is available in your print driver, you could try to create a "highlighter" color profile for your printer so you can switch between "good profiles", one for text/highlight purposes and another for photo printing. Making a "true" color profile may be possible, but not easy.
"Gamma correction" is an operation required because light sensor and light emission electronics generally do not have "linear response". This usually makes very dark and very bright regions of an uncompensated image appear quite normal, while the midtones (where most of your highlighters will be) appear dark or dull. Combine this with the slight deviation in print inks'/toners' coloration and print devices' performance variations, and you can begin to imagine the difficulties in reproducing a "perfect image".
For professional photo work you can calibrate the color response of a good screen, individually for each primary color, to match the source image fairly well. You can then calibrate the print device accordingly, for primaries individually, to match source image/display output fairly well. This is a challenging job, requires good skills, some equipment (or excellent color vision), and can still take a couple of hours to get it right. It still won't be perfect, because the primaries for additive color blend (screen) are not the same as the primaries for subtractive color blend (print), and our eyes (the ultimate target) are dynamic, their sensitivity will adjust to the environment and will not always perceive the same blend point as "balanced" (i.e. "white"), in particular when one subject emits light (the screen) while the other reflects it (the print).