I have no idea what happened, but I have lost months of work and can’t get back past versions of the file with the correct values in the column. Is there something I am missing or am I going to have to start from square one again?
And I have no idea how to solve your problem, but I do hope that as soon as it is solved you will make a back-up copy of your spreadsheet (use Save As…) and store it safely, somewhere else (thumb drive, external drive, CD, whatever). Weekly back ups are recommended, even daily if your work is on-going. Life is full of little lessons. Good Luck with your current problem.
Share a few rows of the problematic column (in a copy of your file, delete innecesary columns, edit your question and upload there).
You might find this page useful in future, Preventing data disaster - The Document Foundation Wiki
If you have set up backup for LibreOffice there might be a copy from the previous time you saved your document. It gets overwritten soon enough so look for backup before opening document again