Unfortunately, no.
Equations inserted in Writer are “external” objects formatted by mechanisms different from Writer ones. From a broad perspective, they are not controlled by styles, neither in Math, nor in Writer (where “styles” have anyway an other target than the supposed goals of Math).
Changing equation appearance in Math is not easy either. And due to the lack of “transferable” styles, every equation must be handled individually (see the Math Guide).
PS: when asking here, always mention OS name, exact LO version and save format. This helps to take into account the subtle differences between platforms.