The page number counts pages and there is no way to contrive it to do differently. Also you can’t replace the page number with a formula because LO Writer has no such page number user-accessible variable.
There might be however a workaround, provided you don’t mind cross-references to have the same “page number” on both the left and right “pages”.
The idea is to use a landscape format twice as large as your “page”. E.g., if your “page” is A4 portrait", your document page is A3 landscape with two columns. Be aware, though, that you’ll get a single page-wide header and footer. To insert a chapter title or any other data atop or afoot your content, you must repeat it twice so that it “aligns” with the columns.
This workaround is fine as long as you don’t print your document, notably if you intend duplex printing, because of the order in which the “pages” are sent to the printer.
You didn’t explain what special means for left pages. In the proposed workaround, columns form a single text flow, i.e. text begins to fill the left column (virtual left “page”), then the right column and breaks to left column on next page, etc. If your left pages should not be part of text flow, the workaround is different. So please, edit (don’t use an answer) your question to describe how special your left pages are.
EDIT Special pages
From your description, this could be handled through custom page styles.
“Normal” text: use your “standard” page style with 2 columns
Pictures on left: either put the pictures in a frame with suitable anchor and wrap options in your “standard” page style (but it may be difficult to constrain text only on right page), or create a custom page style with a single column and margins set such that the “column” is located on the right page. In the second case, you only have to position the picture frame(s) in the left part without special wrap option.
Double splash page: another custom page style with a single column covering the whole sheet (minus the external margins, of course).