It is currently not possible to use the built-in index/tables facility to produce the indicated type of layout:

I would not refer to this as a “centred” table of content (ToC), but rather a tab-aligned ToC. Enhancement bug fdo#32360 is a request to allow full support of all the usual types of tab stops, which is required to produce this type of layout, using the built-in facility.
It is however possible to manually create this layout using standard paragraph text combined with either the required tab settings or a table (as indicated in the linked example). Cross-references to the required headings (one for the heading text and one for the page number) can be used to obtain the required result.