If it were a successful ransomware attack then your files connected to your computer could have been encrypted, also a virus could still exist on the external drive unless Norton has cleaned it. A connected drive is not a backup.
Try using an online antivirus tool to scan your computer. Norton should have one as well as other reputable anti-virus companies.
No. You have to turn on Controlled Folder Access for Defender to defend against this type of attack. It prevents programs from modifying files unless they have been added to the Allowed list. Every new version of a program needs to be added again although Microsoft usually (it forgot to add an updated version of File Explorer once) adds its own programs to the built-in list. Other antivirus programs might call it anti ransomware.