Why can't I use Unicode symbols greater then x1FFFF?

There are many math symbols in the x21xx neighborhood that Calc does not access. When I go to Insert Symbol, the dialog that pops up fills in the first digit as 1. Even if I override it and enter 2 and the rest of the digits it accepts it, but displays a blank, which is not helpful.

Do you mean: “Insert - Special Character” menu item?

What is version number of your LibreOffice?

What a Font are you using? (Not all of the Fonts contain many Unicode characters.)

Where you want to use those symbols? In a Calc Cell, or in a Math Formula?

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If I look at Cambria Math font there is a jump from U+FE00 (Variation Selector-1) to U+1D400 (Mathematical Bold Capital A)

I see that Unicode Blocks lists 12xxx as Cuneiform so I guess you need a Cuneiform font that supports those characters.
Maybe, you mean the Decimal number instead of Unicode, for example U+1D538 (Mathematical Double-struck Capital A) has Decimal number of 120120

Version 25.2.3.2
Yes, “Insert - Special Character”.
Arial Font
In a Calc cell

No, I’m using hexadecimal. My reference is from Wikipedia at Math Operators and Symbols
I’m trying to use a larger arrow referenced as

So the problem was that I was entering a hexadecimal number into UNICHAR() which expected a decimal number. After converting the number I was able to get the characters I wanted.
Is there a way to enter hexadecimal into a cell or function? I tried prefixing an ‘x’ to it but that didn’t help at all.

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You can use the function

=UNICHAR(HEX2DEC("21FF"))

Where the input parameter must be a hexadecimal STRING,
Dec2Hex.ods (9.1 KB)

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Yes. This works in Writer, Calc, Impress and Draw; I haven’t tested it in Base.

Type the Unicode, e.g. U+21FF and with the cursor immediately after it, press Alt+X to convert it to a character, ⇿

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This is an incorrect statement. UNICHAR expected a number, simply a number; and the problem was, that there is no syntax in Calc to enter numbers in notation other than decimal (when you enter things like x1FFFF, it is not a number, but a string, that can’t convert to a number - without quotes, it would be treated as some name). So you need a method to convert a string representing a non-decimal notation, into a number. The HEX2DEC that @Zizi64 suggested is such a method.

This may look subtle, but it is important.

And indeed, when you want to have a static character in a cell (as opposed to “show a character from the code calculated elsewhere”), using a formula is overkill - the method suggested by @EarnestAl is the best.

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